COULD MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS CAUSE VISION LOSS?
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system that affects the communication between the brain and the body. It has raised concerns not only due to its known debilitating effects on the muscles but also the potential for causing vision loss.
Approximately 2.5 million people worldwide suffer from Multiple Sclerosis (1). This autoimmune disease results in the loss of myelin, a substance that protects nerve fibers, leading to inefficient communication between the nervous system and the muscles.
SYMPTOMS OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
The consequences or symptoms obviously vary from person to person, as well as in terms of their severity and duration, but among the most well-known are:
• Muscle weakness.
• Lack of coordination and difficulties in movement.
• Balance and coordination problems.
• Cognitive difficulties.
• Vision problems, sensation of numbness or tingling.
• Speech disorders.
• Emotional changes or mood swings.
These symptoms can be fluctuating and can occur in relapses or progressively over time.
Recent studies are discovering that the effects of this disease on vision can be more serious than previously thought, and in this regard, the emphasis is being placed even more on the importance of early detection of this condition.
Although there is currently no cure for multiple sclerosis, there are available treatments to control symptoms, delay disease progression, and improve patients’ quality of life. These treatments may include anti-inflammatory medications, rehabilitation therapies to strengthen muscles and improve mobility.
THE RELATIONSHIP WITH VISION LOSS
When symptoms of MS worsen, they further affect people’s autonomy by limiting movements or muscle strength, and if complications in vision are added to that, the situation becomes more challenging for those with this disease.
MS can affect the optic nerves of one or both eyes. Difficulty, decreased vision, or vision loss can hinder activities such as reading, driving, or recognizing faces.
Like the rest of the symptoms of MS, ocular problems are due to the progressive degradation of myelin and nerve fibers. As a result, the transmission of visual signals from the eye to the brain (optic nerve) is interrupted, and the signals in the nerves that control eye movement are affected. Ultimately, there is a lack of coordination in the functioning of the central nervous system (CNS), which includes the brain, cerebellum, and spinal cord, responsible for regulating normal eye functions (2).
In a context where ocular health and neuromuscular well-being are crucial topics, it is important to detect possible symptoms and not only take them seriously but also seek professional healthcare for accurate diagnosis and treatment. This way, the quality of life can be maintained, and future complications can be prevented.
SYMPTOMS OF AN AFFECTED VISION
Symptoms can vary in duration and severity, with some patients experiencing a temporary situation, while others may have permanent complications.
– One of the most common manifestations is optic neuritis, which causes inflammation of the optic nerve and can result in blurry vision or loss of central vision.
– Changes in color perception.
– Additionally, 90% of patients with vision problems due to sclerosis often experience associated pain. This localized pain occurs just behind the eye and is triggered or worsened by eye movements.
– Involuntary eye spasms (Nystagmus). This problem is worsened because the eyes are not still, causing a loss of depth perception, thus affecting balance and coordination.
– Diplopia (double vision). It occurs when one of the nerves controlling eye movements is injured, causing misalignment of the eyes. As a result, the messages sent by each eye to the brain based on the images perceived and formed on the retina are not coordinated, leading to a false double image perception.
DIAGNOSIS OF OCULAR PROBLEMS
Diagnosing any ocular problems in patients already diagnosed with MS should be delegated to a specialist, as a comprehensive and careful ophthalmic examination is necessary. Another reason to consult a specialist is that affected vision can be the first manifestation of Multiple Sclerosis or other possible pathologies, and professionals must be able to rule out any scenarios.
In the case of affected vision being related as an initial symptom in the diagnosis of MS, it is very likely that the ophthalmologist will refer the patient to other specialists for further tests, such as brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a complete blood analysis, and/or a lumbar puncture.
TREATMENTS IN CASE OF VISION LOSS
If a patient is diagnosed with affected vision, the treatment will obviously depend on the severity of their symptoms. This may include anti-inflammatory drugs, exercises to strengthen the eye muscles and improve visual coordination, as well as specific supportive therapies to address visual problems.
Specialists may also prescribe medications, such as corticosteroids, to reduce inflammation and treat optic neuritis. In more severe cases, disease-modifying therapies may be considered to reduce the progression of multiple sclerosis and protect visual function. It is crucial for patients to consult their doctor to determine the most appropriate treatment for their specific situation.
THE IMPORTANCE OF TIMELY DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT
It is crucial for individuals with multiple sclerosis to work closely with their medical team, typically consisting of neurologists and MS specialists, to develop a treatment plan tailored to their individual needs and to remain vigilant about any symptoms that may arise, including visual complications. In addition, emotional support and mental health care are important components in addressing the physical and emotional challenges associated with the disease.
If you have concerns about your health or suspect you may have multiple sclerosis, it is important to seek guidance from a healthcare professional. Early diagnosis and timely treatment can make a significant difference in the quality of life for individuals affected by this disease.
VISUAL CARE RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PATIENTS WITH MS.
• Ensure good lighting for tasks.
• Enlarge letters to read more easily on computers, smartphones, or other screen devices.
• Wear sunglasses with UV protection as ultraviolet light can penetrate even on cloudy days, harming the eyes. They also help to prevent glare from water, snow, or bright surfaces.
• Monitor blood glucose levels as conditions such as cataracts, damage to small eye arteries, or diabetic retinopathy can develop due to high blood sugar concentrations. (3)
• Avoid smoking as it damages visual organs and increases the risk of arterial problems or macular degeneration.
• Follow a diet rich in natural anti-inflammatories such as fruits and vegetables, which are high in antioxidants.
SOURCES:
(1) https://optometristas.org/noticias/la-esclerosis-multiple-y-consecuencias-en-la-vision#:~:text=En%20muchos%20de%20los%20pacientes,se%20le%20llama%20neuritis%20%C3%B3ptica.
(2) https://www.vi https://www.fem.es/es/7-maneras-de-proteger-la-vista-si-tienes-esclerosis-multiple/virconem.com/sintomas-esclerosis-multiple/trastornos-visuales/
(3) https://www.fem.es/es/7-maneras-de-proteger-la-vista-si-tienes-esclerosis-multiple/
